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The energy value is determined by the chemical composition of the food product, by means of the so-called. physiological equivalents energy., determining the value of metabolic energy contained in 1 g of the component. Most commonly used is the equivalent of Atwater: protein 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates 4kcal/g, and for fat 9kcal/g.
Leucine is an essential amino acid, one of the three branched chain amino acids, ketogenic, its isomer is isoleucine. It affects the secretion of anabolic hormones (insulin, combined carbohydrates), acts on enzymes (mTOR) starting the process of muscle protein synthesis and controlling its course. Protein synthesis by leucine is affecting the development of bones, muscles and skin. It reduces the fat tissue. Without the availability of leucine, protein synthesis is impossible. It naturally occurs in animal products (such as eggs, meat, dairy and fish), plant origin, and as a post-training supplements, BCAA, EAA, no-boosters, creatine stacks, carbohydrate supplements. Ir is also in the form of mono-preparation supplements. It is one of the most important amino acids for the athlete's body, basically in every sports discipline.
Dosage: The demand is 5-10 g / 24h, dosage pre- and post-workout and in the morning after waking up.
Isoleucine is an essential branched amino acid (BCAA), leucine-isomer. It has anti-catabolic action ( protects muscle against decay), glucogenic (an alternative energy source when the level of glucose after exercise decreases, helps for the regulation of blood glucose levels, reduces the deficiency of fatty acids), anti-catabolic (muscle protects against decay), reduces stress. It participates in the synthesis of proteins (including the synthesis of hemoglobin). It is an essential part of the regeneration of damaged tissues of the body, and after intense training. It occurs in products containing animal protein (meat and dairy products, eggs, dairy products) and plant (almonds, walnuts) and dietary supplements.
Isoleucine is applied with other branched chain amino acids: leucine, valine, and in the supplement complex type of BCAA, in the proportions: leucine: isoleucine: valine = 2: 1: 1. The supplements used in competitive sports requiring increased strength, the bigger share of isoleucine is used.
Dosage: No standard daily use. Frequently applied directly after the workout during the decrease of the glucose level of or at fatty acid deficiency.
Valine – is a branched essential amino acid, indispensible for the functioning of the nervous system (receiving of sensory information), involved in muscle protein synthesis and energy generation. Administration of additional doses of valine before exercise (or immediately after) has anti-catabolic effect, protecting the proteins and allowing them to rebuild. It is slightly stimulatory (delays symptoms of fatigue during workout), affecting the level and relations of neurotransmitters. It helps to protect the liver. It stimulates an increase in strength and muscle mass, participates in the reduction of body fat. BCAA, EAA, and other mixtures of amino acid supplementation, protein and protein supplements and carbohydrate-stacks, brings positive results in strength and endurance sports.
Valine deficiency can occur in case of increased energy needs of the body, as the result of stress and too much stress load.
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