Vitamin K

Information

Vitamin K exists in the triad of vitamins: menaquinone (vitamin. K1), menadione (vitamin. K2) and menadione (vitamin. K3), soluble in fat. It is produced by bacteria in the human colon. Natural sources of vitamin. K are: eggs, kale, cauliflower, cabbage, meat, milk, lettuce, spinach, fish oil and liver. The synthetic form is administered to newborns, to reduce the sterility of the gastrointestinal tract. Used as a antihaemorrhagic, due to its participation in the process of prothrombin. Increases antibacterial and antifungal immunity. Prevents abundant bleeding during menstruation of women.
Vitamin K deficiency causes external bleeding and ecchymosis on skin, decreased prothrombin synthesis in the liver (especially while taking antibiotics and sulfanilamide).

Vitamin E

Information

Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat soluble. Due to its antioxidant action, it is a protection of other vitamins (e.g. Vitamins A). Protects the body against free radicals, strengthens the walls of blood vessels and its capacity, causing their dilation and dissolution of blood clots. With the reduction of coagulation, it is used as an antiatherogenic medicine, it allows for the proper course of pregnancy. In cooperation with selenium it slows the ageing process of cells, strengthening connective tissue. In the food it is present in whole-grain bread, sprout and grains, vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower), soya beans and sunflower seeds, vegetable fat and hen egg yolks. Also it is used in sports medicine in the form of nutrients and supplements.
Vitamin E deficiency reduces building of red blood cells, results in changes in muscle and disorders of pregnancies.
Dosage: for children, 0.5 mg / 1 kg of weight; for adults 10-30 mg per day.

D-alpha-tocopherol

Information

D-alpha-tocopherol – a natural form of vitamin E which is indicated as the most optimum for supplementation. It helps correct effectively deficiencies of this compound which is extremely crucial for the human body.

Vitamin E is a very important bioactive substance found in many tissues and required for normal functioning of the body. Its deficiencies may be manifested by impaired cognitive abilities and vision, muscle weakness and infertility. It is involved in erythropoiesis and that is why its low intake may lead to anaemia.

In addition, vitamin E has an important role as an antioxidant in the human body. It has the ability to reduce the amount of free radicals, thereby decreasing negative oxidative stress.

During supplementation with d-alpha-tocopherol, we should remember that it belongs to fat-soluble compounds, along with vitamin A, D and K. Because of that, supplements with vitamin E should be taken with a fat-containing meal.

Vitamin D

Information

Vitamin D belongs to fat soluble vitamins, occurs in three forms: calciferol (vitamin D1) ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), it is formed under the action of sunlight for at least 15 minutes per day. In the absence of sunlight it should be administered in the diet in the form of fish oil (Vitamin A + D3) and fish oils. It is responsible for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. It is the building substance of bone tissue particularly necessary during pregnancy, childhood, and for athletes. It is a component of dietary supplements and nutrients among competetive athletes. Deficiency of vitamin D causes children growth inhibition, and rickets.
For adults - deficiency causes osteomalacia.
Excess of vitamin D causes headaches, alopecia, nausea, drowsiness, blurred vision, pain in the long bones, the deposition of calcium deposits.
Dosage: 400 IU units during the day.

Cholecalciferol

Information

Cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3, is an organic chemical that belongs to the family of D vitamins. It is naturally found in fatty fish, fish oil, egg yolks, milk and dairy products. It is also synthesized in the human body. It is formed from 7-dehydrocholesterol present in the keratinocytes of the spinous and the basal layers of the epidermis, and a pre-requisite for initiating this process is the action of 290-315 nm wavelength UVB radiation on the skin.

Cholecalciferol is a biologically inactive compound. In the body, it undergoes enzymatic hydroxylation – first in the liver, with the participation of 25-hydroxylase, when calcidiol is formed and secondly in the kidneys, where under the influence of 1-α-hydroxylase, calcidiol is converted into the final active form – calcitriol.

The most important role of vitamin D3 in the body is the regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism, which directly affects normal skeletal mineralization. In addition, it is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, insulin secretion, as well as in some functions of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems.

Cholecalciferol is the most popular form of vitamin D used in dietary supplements. Studies show that supplementation with vitamin D in this form most effectively and rapidly raises the level of 25 (OH) D3 – a metabolite that is a marker of the level of vitamin D in the body.

Dosage: according to RDI standards for individual age groups.

Lanolin

Information

Lanolin is obtained in the process of cleaning of raw sheep wool from the so-called wool fat, protecting it from getting wet and unbeneficial weather conditions.

Lanolin is commonly used for the production of ointments and creams with lubricating and softening effect, however, it also found application in the production of dietary supplements and more precisely vitamin D3.

In order to obtain vitamin D3 from lanolin, it undergoes cleaning and crystallization and then proper chemical processes, as a result of which 7-dehydrocholesterol is produced - a precursor of vitamin D3, the same which is produced in skin under the influence of UV radiation. 7-dehydrorocholesterol obtained from lanolin is then subjected to the above mentioned radiation, being transformed to vitamin D3.