Tyrosine

Information

Tyrosine - endogenous amino acid (synthesized within the body), one of the 22 protein amino acids building. It occurs naturally in animal food products (eggs, dairy, meat). If the deficiency, it can be synthesized by hydroxylation of phenylalanine, capable of being converted to tyrosine in the liver. It is a precursor of neurotransmitters: dopamine (the group of catecholamines, participating in the processes occurring in the nervous system, causing muscle coordination and participates in the synthesis of many hormones) and noradrenaline (counteracting stress, stimulating the heart and circulatory system, and increasing glycogenolysis and lipolysis participating in the processes of energy transformations). Tyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormones responsible for the rate of change in metabolic processes and pigment (melanin). In the supplementation, preparations containing tyrosine are used in programs reducing body fat (weight loss), improve mood and are stimulants.
Dosage: Customarily 500-2000 mg per day.

Caffeine

Information

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 1-methylotheobromine) is a purine alkaloid occurring in the natural state in plants (Coffea arabica, Camelia sinensis, Paulinia cupana, Ilex paraguariensis), which acts as a natural pesticide, acting toxic to insects. Peculiar smell and taste also deters herbivores. Caffeine in the body inhibits the adenosine receptors in the brain, fighting fatigue and allowing for action activation. It has a beneficial effect on the metabolism of oxygen, which increases the exercise capacity (strength and endurance) and rapid post-workout recovery. In the sports supplementation, caffeine is used as a stimulant nervous system. It has the thermogenic potential and in combination with other substances (e.g. Polyphenols, both occurring in coffee beans, such as cocoa beans, tea leaves and mate) can effectively participate in the reduction of body fat. It is included in many dietary stimulants (creatine stacks, no-boosters, beverages). It is a component of fat burners. It is also in the form of mono-preparation supplements.
Dosage: 100-600 mg per day. Due to the long release of activity should not be used in the evening, before sleep.

Coluracetam

Information

Coluracetam (BCI-540, MKC-231) is a synthetic chemical compound of the racetam family. It was designed as a drug for Alzheimer’s disease in 2005 in Japan. Subsequently, it was in-licensed by BrainCell Inc., which conducted the largest number of studies on antidepressant potential of this compound. Nowadays, the agent is enjoying great popularity in the world of medicine and supplementation – apart from nootropic properties, characteristic of all racetams, it has a beneficial impact on mood and treats anxiety-depressive disorders.

The basic mechanism of action of coluracetam is to stimulate the so-called HACE (high-affinity choline uptake). It is critical to the delivery of choline to neurons where it may be converted into acetylcholine. It is commonly known that it is essential to memory formation, is responsible for the process of learning and enhances focus.

Scientists suggest that coluracetam modulates AMPA receptors. It is also important for mental performance. Furthermore, the stimulation of these receptors leads to a better mood and helps eliminate panic attacks.

In supplementation, coluracetam is used alone or in combination with other nootropic substances.

Dosage: No official guidelines.

The most frequently recommended dosage varies from 20 to 200 mg daily.