Calcium carbonate

Information

Calcium carbonate – a salt of carbonic acid and calcium, used in dietary supplements as one of the calcium forms, because of its high bioavailability. It is an alkaline salt, which is why it is used for neutralisation of the environment in the stomach.

Calcium is a macroelement necessary for the proper functioning of the body system. It is a building material of teeth and bones as well as it determines their mechanical strength. The proper supply of calcium prevents osteoporosis in elderly people and allows for the proper development of skeletal system in children. It is an activator of many enzymes, is involved in the inflammatory processes and regulates secretion of particular hormones. It is also essential for muscle contraction and determines blood coagulation. Moreover, calcium ions allow for transmission of nerve impulses by synapses, so that they regulate the proper neural transmission.

The demand for calcium increases with training intensity, which is why it is recommended for athletes to increase calcium supply. Calcium deficiency can be caused by high-protein diet.

Calcium

Information

Calcium (element chem. symbol Ca, atomic no. 20, the group of alkaline earth metals) is the basic building substance of bones and teeth, in which stored is 99% of the element, in the form of hydroxylapatite. When building bones and teeth, phosphorus is very important in the right proportion. It is a base-forming element and activator of many enzymes (ATPase) necessary to release the energy of ATP. It has a significant effect on blood clotting and regulates blood pressure and neuromuscular conductivity. Thanks to the reduced permeability of cell membranes, it soothes the symptoms of food allergies. Calcium is actively involved in the metabolism of iron interacts with vitamins A, C and D and phosphorus, magnesium. Natural source of calcium are animal products (dairy products, sardines, salmon, sprats eaten with bones) and plant products (nuts, soybeans, sunflower seeds). Absorption takes place in the small intestine (less in the colon), it has an effect on the level of lactose, insoluble fibre, organic acids, alkalinity (low pH). The best absorption have organic compounds (lactates, amino acid chelates etc.). Obstructing the absorption of calcium is caused by: phytic acid and oxalic acid as well as excess fat. Scientific studies have confirmed that the combination of calcium, magnesium, boron and vitamin D in dose 3 mg / 24h effectively prevent osteoporosis. Supplements on the market are both mono-preparation supplements (enriched with vitamin D3) and multi-component supplements, available at www.muscle-zone.pl.
Calcium deficiency disorders manifested in the construction of the bones (osteoporosis) and iron metabolism. The symptoms are: rickets, cramps and muscle tremor, osteoporosis.
Excess resulting from an overdose of calcium supplements containing vitamin D3 for children and adults overdose of calcium (hypercalcemia). Symptoms of hypercalcemia are: lack of appetite, vomiting and constipation.
The dosage administered in various publications are inconsistent: 800 - 1000 mg / 24 h (100 - 500 mg / 24h)

Vitamin K2

Information

What is Vitamin K2?

Vitamin K2 belongs to fat-soluble vitamins It is an important activator of many enzymes and proteins It shows a positive action on calcium balance by activating MGP protein and osteocalcin. This results in the removal of calcium deposits from blood vessel walls and transport of ions of this element to the area where it fulfills its function – teeth and bones. It reduces therefore the calcification of blood vessels and thus the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, it is a constituent of coagulation factors and cosequently prevents haemorrhages. It shows a synergistic action in combination with vitamin D and magnesium.

Vitamin K2 in the form of a dietary supplement of renowned brands e.g. Now Foods, Swanson, Life Extension, Jarrow Formulas and Thorne Research) can be found in formulas available at www.muscle-zone.pl

Vitamin D

Information

Vitamin D belongs to fat soluble vitamins, occurs in three forms: calciferol (vitamin D1) ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), it is formed under the action of sunlight for at least 15 minutes per day. In the absence of sunlight it should be administered in the diet in the form of fish oil (Vitamin A + D3) and fish oils. It is responsible for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. It is the building substance of bone tissue particularly necessary during pregnancy, childhood, and for athletes. It is a component of dietary supplements and nutrients among competetive athletes. Deficiency of vitamin D causes children growth inhibition, and rickets.
For adults - deficiency causes osteomalacia.
Excess of vitamin D causes headaches, alopecia, nausea, drowsiness, blurred vision, pain in the long bones, the deposition of calcium deposits.
Dosage: 400 IU units during the day.

Cholecalciferol

Information

Cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3, is an organic chemical that belongs to the family of D vitamins. It is naturally found in fatty fish, fish oil, egg yolks, milk and dairy products. It is also synthesized in the human body. It is formed from 7-dehydrocholesterol present in the keratinocytes of the spinous and the basal layers of the epidermis, and a pre-requisite for initiating this process is the action of 290-315 nm wavelength UVB radiation on the skin.

Cholecalciferol is a biologically inactive compound. In the body, it undergoes enzymatic hydroxylation – first in the liver, with the participation of 25-hydroxylase, when calcidiol is formed and secondly in the kidneys, where under the influence of 1-α-hydroxylase, calcidiol is converted into the final active form – calcitriol.

The most important role of vitamin D3 in the body is the regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism, which directly affects normal skeletal mineralization. In addition, it is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, insulin secretion, as well as in some functions of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems.

Cholecalciferol is the most popular form of vitamin D used in dietary supplements. Studies show that supplementation with vitamin D in this form most effectively and rapidly raises the level of 25 (OH) D3 – a metabolite that is a marker of the level of vitamin D in the body.

Dosage: according to RDI standards for individual age groups.

Lanolin

Information

Lanolin is obtained in the process of cleaning of raw sheep wool from the so-called wool fat, protecting it from getting wet and unbeneficial weather conditions.

Lanolin is commonly used for the production of ointments and creams with lubricating and softening effect, however, it also found application in the production of dietary supplements and more precisely vitamin D3.

In order to obtain vitamin D3 from lanolin, it undergoes cleaning and crystallization and then proper chemical processes, as a result of which 7-dehydrocholesterol is produced - a precursor of vitamin D3, the same which is produced in skin under the influence of UV radiation. 7-dehydrorocholesterol obtained from lanolin is then subjected to the above mentioned radiation, being transformed to vitamin D3.