Calories

Information

Calories are the conventional name of the unit expressing the energy value of food, the demand and energy expenditure in human body, which in fact is 1 kilocalorie (1 kcal). 1 kilocalorie is the amount of thermal energy required to heat 1 g of water and 1 degree Celsius. The SI unit of thermal energy is 1 joule (1J), equal to approximately 4,185 kcal.
The energy value is determined by the chemical composition of the food product, by means of the so-called. physiological equivalents. Most often Atwater equivalent is used: ratio for protein 4 kcal / g, for carbohydrates 4kcal / g, and for fat - 9kcal / g.
The energy value carried out with the so-called. "Caloric bomb" is equivalent to the physical energy, amounting to 4.1 kcal per 1 g carbohydrate to 5.65 kcal per 1 g protein, 9.45 kcal per 1 g of fat.
Nutritional value, determines the suitability of a food product for realizing life functions of human, the higher it is - the higher bioavailability and lower quantity for consumption for obtaining the effects.

Carbohydrates

Information

Carbohydrates are an essential nutrient. They are divided into: simple sugars (monosaccharides), disaccharides and polysaccharides. In terms of the human bioavailability of carbohydrates is divided into: digestabe, those which are digested in the gastrointestinal tract by transferring energy to the tissues or cells (such as starch, fructose) and indigestable, resistant to digestive enzymes (e.g. cellulose) . Affects blood glucose levels (glycemic index) and the metabolism of insulin (insulin index). The greatest demand for carbohydrates occurs before physical activity or in the middle of it, because they increase the exercise capacity, consumed after exercise provide regeneration. In the sports diet the absorption rate it is important of carbohydrates and reactions of the organism. Available in mono-preparation supplements and part of the energetic supplements, creatine stacks, nitrogen boosters.
Dosage: according to the statistics of the Institute of Food and Nutrition, carbohydrates should comprise about 50% of daily energy intake. In some diets, used residual carbohydrate consumption, not exceeding 30g / 24h.

Vitamin C

Information

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) it is a vitamin soluble in body fluids, can be taken from foods (fruits and vegetables), or as drug derived synthetically. The largest of its resources can be found in broccoli, Brussels sprout, kale, black currant fruit and hawthorn, citrus fruits, tomatoes, Savoy cabbage, potatoes. In fact, intake of vitamin C of the food products does not limit the absorbed quantity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant, it is an antitoxic, increasing the immune system due to the elimination of risk of bacterial contamination. Vitamin C prevents rupture of blood vessels, affects the blood cholesterol level. It substantially increases the absorption of iron. Inhibits the growth of cancer cells. Lowers stress levels.
Vitamin C deficiency causes abnormal development of connective tissue, cracking capillaries, abnormal calcification of bone tissue, impaired absorption of iron, scorbutus. With the lack of vitamin C, all kinds of injuries do not heal up properly. Vitamin C deficiency can be caused by smoking; each cigarette is destroying up to 100 mg of vitamin C.
Dosage: The demand is 60-80 mg daily. It does not limit the ability to consume higher doses. Some side effects may occur only with longer taking of synthetic vitamin C.

Sodium ascorbate

Information

Sodium ascorbate is an organic chemical compound that is a salt of ascorbic acid and sodium. In other words, it is a buffered vitamin C. It is characterized by much lower acidity than L-ascorbic acid, and thus does not exert such a strong effect on the membrane of the gastric mucosa. Sodium ascorbate works well in people with a sensitive digestive system, who suffer from gastrointestinal problems following administration of vitamin C in a traditional form. However, it is not recommended for people on a low-sodium diet.

In supplementation, sodium ascorbate is used to replenish the level of vitamin C. It is a part of oxidation-reduction systems, protects the body against free radicals and oxidative stress. In addition, Vitamin C is necessary for the proper course of collagen production; it acts as a cofactor in the synthesis of carnitine and adrenaline and influences the metabolism of non-heme plant-based iron.

Dosing: the minimum daily demand for vitamin C is 60-80mg, whereas in case of smokers, pregnant women, people exposed to stress or intense effort it is much higher. It is assumed that 1g of sodium ascorbate corresponds to 0.889g of L-ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid

Information

Ascorbic acid – vitamin C. Its biologically active form is the L-isomer, which negatively rotates the polarised light, so that it is a dextroisomer (laevorotatory vitamin C does not exist). It is a strong antioxidant; it reduces the amounts of free radicals, which reduces oxidative stress, a factor leading to cell apoptosis, which is why it is indicated to be a cause for premature ageing.

It supports the immune system functions and increases body system immunity. It is an essential element of the collagen synthesis path, which is why it positively affects the condition of connective tissue. Hence, it promotes also wound healing and increases the durability of capillary vessel. It is involved in transformations of tyrosine and carnitine as well as of some nutrients, so that it affects metabolism. It can also have an impact on the nervous system functions, as it reduces mental fatigue.

Higher supply of vitamin C is especially recommended in the periods of more intensive body system burden, after infections and in order to accelerate regeneration. The indications for increased supply of the vitamin are also hard physical work or intensive trainings.

Sodium

Information

Sodium is an important component of the intracellular fluids, and is a regulator of acid-base balance. Along with potassium affects the proper of growth and provides the proper functioning of muscles and nerves. The source of acquisition is table salt (NaCl) and bladderwrack, shellfish, bacon, beef, and of plant beets and carrots. People on salt-free diet should avoid, among others, spicy sauces and smoked meats and sausages.
Sodium deficiency is very rare, at heaving sweating after a long effort (e.g. in the marathon).
Excess sodium increases blood pressure (especially for the elderly), edema and increased thirst. Exceeding the daily dose of 14g a day can cause poisoning.

Phosphatidylcholine

Information

Phosphatidylcholine – a group of phospholipids whose molecule contains choline. It can be synthesised endogenously in the human body, is a building block of cell membranes and thus influences beneficially their functioning. Since it is found commonly in the body, phosphatidylcholine supplementation shows many health benefits.

This phospholipid has a beneficial impact on the functioning of liver tissues. It has hepatoprotective properties, consequently preventing damage to this organ caused by toxic agents, and helps treat its diseases. It reduces oxidative stress in the liver and has therefore a beneficial impact on the viability of hepatocytes.

Because of the presence of phosphatidylcholine molecules in cell membranes, whose efficiency is critical to maintaining normal neurotransmission, this compound is indicated to influence positively neuronal function. It is suggested that phosphatidylcholine may be effective especially in disorders associated with too low acetylcholine concentrations in the body.

It is also said to promote lipolysis. Such activity of this compound is observed only in topical administration. There are no reliable sources which describe that this phospholipid is capable of speeding up body fat loss in oral delivery.

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Information

Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin) is a phospholipids (lipid complex) from the group, which also includes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, occurring in the brain. They form a lecithin, or is synthesized from other phospholipids (phosphatidylserine). It affects the stability of cell membranes, by stimulating lipid profile. Ethanolamine, which is derived from phosphatidylethanolamine, affects the metabolism of fats. Phosphatidylethanolamine is a component of a nutritional, functional and vitamin supplements, usually with together other composite fats.

Sunflower oil

Information

Sunflower oil produced from sunflower (Helianthus annus) is a source of fatty acids of Omega 6 (linoleic acid) and Omega 9 (oleic acid). It has a number of biologically active components such as carotenoids, lecithin, waxes. It is an oil rich in vitamin E content in the proper proportion in consumption in conjunction with Omega 3 and Omega 6 reduces the level of bad cholesterol (LDL). It is an antioxidant.
Sunflower oil is used in nutritional and functional supplements available at www.muscle-zone.pl
Dosage: 5 - 15 g / 24h